Statistical Inference
Estimate a population mean or investigate a linear relationship using sample data.
Current dataset
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Choose your procedure
The significance level α equals 1 − confidence level. Regression tests use H₀: population slope = 0 and Hₐ: population slope ≠ 0.
Check the conditions
Use randomly sampled or appropriately collected independent observations. Consider the 10% condition when sampling without replacement. For a mean, inspect the distribution for strong skew and outliers, especially with small samples. For regression, check linearity, independent errors, roughly normal residuals, and similar residual spread across X.
These checks require context and graph inspection. A calculation alone does not establish that inference is valid. Missing values are excluded; nonnumeric entries in a selected column must be cleaned before analysis.